SelectionTools 50 SelectionModifiers(PC/Mac) 53 RXModules 58 WorkingwithRXApplicationModules 59 WorkingwithRXPlug-Ins 65 RepairModules&Plug-Ins 76. IZotope RX 2 Help Documentation 10 Interface Here is a general overview of RX's main workspace. It's a good idea to familiarize yourself with this window before moving on. RX's interface is design ed to give you a full range of tools for repairing audio. In addition to its processing modules, RX provides a. The RX Cookbook is an Interactive Solutions Manual for iZotope's RX Audio Repair Software. Designed specifically for the demanding needs of music and video post professionals. IZotope RX is the industry standard audio repair tool used on movies and TV shows to restore damaged, noisy audio to pristine condition. Project Background.
| Module & Plug-in |
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Overview
Spectral De-noise is designed to remove stationary or slowly changing tonal noise and broadband hiss by learning a profile of the offending noise and then subtracting it from the signal. It can be useful for tape hiss, HVAC systems, outdoor environments, line noise, ground loops, camera motors, fans, wind, and complex buzz with many harmonics.
Spectral De-noise learns a profile of the background noise, then subtracts that noise when a signal’s amplitude drops below the specified threshold. It is a flexible tool that can be used to quickly achieve accurate, high-quality noise reduction. It also provides separate controls for tonal and broadband noise, management of denoising artifacts, and an editing interface for controlling reduction across the frequency spectrum.
Controls
LEARN: When Learn is enabled, Spectral De-noise will capture a noise profile from your selection. After a noise profile is captured using Learn, it remains fixed for the duration of processing. Manually learned noise profiles are best suited to removing or reducing noise that is constant and continuous throughout the duation of the file.
How to Learn a noise profile in Spectral De-noise
- Make a selection of the longest section of noise you can find in your file (ideally a few seconds in length)
- Click the Learn button to capture a noise profile.
- To capture a noise profile in the RX Audio Editor Spectral De-noise module, make a selection and click “Learn”
- To capture a noise profile in the RX Spectral De-noise plug-in, engage the Learn button and playback audio, OR choose “Preview” in Audiosuite to capture the noise profile from your current selection.
- To capture a noise profile in the RX Audio Editor Spectral De-noise module, make a selection and click “Learn”
More Information about Learning Noise Profiles
- See the More Information section below to learn more about getting the best results when capturing a noise profile and Learning a noise profile from multiple selections in the RX 6 Audio Editor.
- Make a selection of the longest section of noise you can find in your file (ideally a few seconds in length)
ADAPTIVE MODE: When Adaptive Mode is enabled, the noise profile used for Spectral De-noise processing will change based on the incoming audio. Adaptive mode can work well with noise sources that are constantly changing, like recordings in outdoor environments, traffic noise, or ocean waves.
Spectral De-noise Adaptive mode Performance Note
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- The Adaptive mode in Spectral De-noise uses a significant amount of memory and computational power. For a more efficient form of adaptive noise reduction, try the Adaptive mode in Voice De-noise, which is designed to be highly efficient and zero-latency.
- The Adaptive mode in Spectral De-noise uses a significant amount of memory and computational power. For a more efficient form of adaptive noise reduction, try the Adaptive mode in Voice De-noise, which is designed to be highly efficient and zero-latency.
LEARNING TIME [s]: Determines the amount of lookahead time used by Adaptive mode when learning noise profiles that change over time.
THRESHOLD (NOISY/TONAL): Controls the amplitude separation of noise and useful signal levels.
- Higher threshold settings reduce more noise, but also suppress low-level signal components.
- Lower threshold preserves low-level signal details, but can result in noise being modulated by the signal. Threshold elevation can be done separately for tonal and random noise parts. A good default is 0 dB.
Tip
- If background noise changes in amplitude over time (like traffic noise or record surface noise), raise the Threshold to accommodate for the changes.
- If background noise changes in amplitude over time (like traffic noise or record surface noise), raise the Threshold to accommodate for the changes.
- Higher threshold settings reduce more noise, but also suppress low-level signal components.
REDUCTION (NOISY/TONAL): Controls the desired amount of noise suppression in decibels.
- Spectral De-noise can automatically separate noise into tonal parts (such as hum, buzz or interference) and random parts (such as hiss). You can specify the amount of suppression for these parts separately (e.g. in some situations it can be desirable to reduce only unpleasant buzz while leaving unobjectionable constant hiss). Strong suppression of noise can also degrade low-level signals, so it is recommended to apply only as much suppression as needed for reducing the noise to levels where it becomes less objectionable.
- Spectral De-noise can automatically separate noise into tonal parts (such as hum, buzz or interference) and random parts (such as hiss). You can specify the amount of suppression for these parts separately (e.g. in some situations it can be desirable to reduce only unpleasant buzz while leaving unobjectionable constant hiss). Strong suppression of noise can also degrade low-level signals, so it is recommended to apply only as much suppression as needed for reducing the noise to levels where it becomes less objectionable.
QUALITY: Affects the quality and computational complexity of the noise reduction. This selection directly affects CPU usage. RX’s Spectral De-noise module offers four algorithms that vary in processing time.
- A: is the least CPU intensive process and is suitable for real-time operation. It reduces musical noise artifacts by time smoothing of the signal spectrum.
- B: achieves more advanced musical noise suppression by using adaptive 2D smoothing (both time and frequency). It is more CPU intensive and has more latency, but can still run in real-time on most machines.
- C: adds multiresolution operation for better handling of signal transients and even fewer musical noise artifacts. It is a very CPU intensive algorithm and can only run in real-time on faster multicore machines.
- D: adds high-frequency synthesis for reconstruction of signal details buried in noise. The speed of algorithm D is similar to algorithm C.
- A: is the least CPU intensive process and is suitable for real-time operation. It reduces musical noise artifacts by time smoothing of the signal spectrum.
ARTIFACT CONTROL: Determines how much noise reduction will depend upon either spectral subtraction or wide band gating.
- With lower values, noise reduction will rely upon spectral subtraction, which can more accurately separate noise from the desired audio signal, but can yield musical noise artifacts, resulting in a “chirpy” or “watery” sound during heavy processing.
- With higher values, the noise reduction will rely more heavily upon wider band gating which will have fewer musical noise artifacts, but sound more like broadband gating, resulting in bursts of noise right after the signal falls below the threshold.
- With lower values, noise reduction will rely upon spectral subtraction, which can more accurately separate noise from the desired audio signal, but can yield musical noise artifacts, resulting in a “chirpy” or “watery” sound during heavy processing.
NOISE SPECTRUM DISPLAY: The Noise Spectrum display shows useful information during both playback and when the noise reduction process is being applied.
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- Input (Gray): spectrum of input audio signal
- Output (White): spectrum of the denoised output audio signal
- Noise Profile (Orange): the learned noise profile plus offset from the Threshold control
- Residual Noise (Yellow): desired noise floor after denoising, can be controlled by modifying the Reduction Curve
- Reduction Curve (Blue): manual weighting of the noise reduction across the spectrum
- Input (Gray): spectrum of input audio signal
REDUCTION CURVE: When enabled, allows for fine tuning of the reduction spectrum with up to 26 edit points. This enables you to customize the amount of noise reduction being applied across different frequency regions.
- Higher edit point values result in less noise reduction in the associated frequency region.
- Lower edit point values result in more noise reduction in the associated frequency region.
- For example, if you wanted to reduce some low HVAC rumble but preserve some energy in higher frequencies, you could drag the curve’s leftmost point down a little bit, then create a point around 5 kHz and drag it up a bit.
Interacting with the Reduction Curve Edit points
- Add an edit point: left-click, displayed as gray box along envelope curve
- Remove an edit point: right-click or drag it outside the screen
- You can axis-lock reduction curve points by holding Shift while dragging them, and get very fine control over positioning by holding Control/Command.
- Add an edit point: left-click, displayed as gray box along envelope curve
- Higher edit point values result in less noise reduction in the associated frequency region.
SMOOTHING: When the Reduction Curve is enabled, this controls the amount of interpolation between your reduction curve points, allowing for sharper or more gradual slopes between edit curve points.
Controls: Advanced Settings
Algorithm Behavior (Advanced Settings)
- SMOOTHING: Controls the reduction of musical noise artifacts which can be a result of heavy denoising.
What is musical noise?
- Musical noise is caused by random statistical variations of noise spectrum that cause random triggering of sub-band gates. These artifacts are sometimes described as “chirpy” or “watery” sounds left behind during the noise reduction process.
- Musical noise is caused by random statistical variations of noise spectrum that cause random triggering of sub-band gates. These artifacts are sometimes described as “chirpy” or “watery” sounds left behind during the noise reduction process.
- ALGORITHM: Selects the smoothing algorithm for the removal of random ripples (“musical noise” artifacts) that can occur in the spectrogram when processing your audio. The strength of smoothing is controlled by the Smoothing slider.
- SIMPLE algorithm: Performs independent noise gating in every frequency channel of FFT. Release time of sub-band gates is controlled by the Release slider. This is a fast algorithm with low latency that is suitable for real-time operation.
- ADVANCED & EXTREME algorithms: Perform joint time-frequency analysis of the audio signal which results in better quality and fewer “musical noise” artifacts. These algorithms have higher latency and computational complexity.
- SIMPLE algorithm: Performs independent noise gating in every frequency channel of FFT. Release time of sub-band gates is controlled by the Release slider. This is a fast algorithm with low latency that is suitable for real-time operation.
- FFT SIZE (ms): Selects the time and frequency resolution of the processing.
- Higher FFT sizes give you more frequency bands allowing you to cut noise between closely spaced signal harmonics, or cut steady-state noise harmonics without affecting adjacent signals.
- Lower FFT sizes allow for faster response to changes in the signal and produce fewer noisy echoes around transient events.
Re-learn your Noise profile if you change FFT size
- Whenever the FFT size is changed, it is recommended that you run the De-noise module’s Learn feature again because the old noise profile was taken at a different FFT size and therefore becomes inaccurate.
- Whenever the FFT size is changed, it is recommended that you run the De-noise module’s Learn feature again because the old noise profile was taken at a different FFT size and therefore becomes inaccurate.
- Higher FFT sizes give you more frequency bands allowing you to cut noise between closely spaced signal harmonics, or cut steady-state noise harmonics without affecting adjacent signals.
- MULTI-RES: Enables multi-resolution processing for the selected algorithm type.
- When you select the Multi-res checkbox, the signal is analyzed in real-time and the most appropriate FFT size is chosen for each segment of the signal. This is done to minimize the smearing of transients and at the same time achieve high frequency resolution where it is needed.
Note
- The FFT size control does not have any effect in multi-resolution mode as the FFT resolution is selected automatically. The noise profile does not need to be re-learned when switching to multi-resolution mode.
What is an FFT?
- Fast Fourier Transform: a procedure for the calculation of a signal frequency spectrum. The greater the FFT size, the greater the frequency resolution, i.e., notes and tonal events will be clearer at larger sizes. However, when using FFT-based processing, the more audio you remove from your source, the more likely you are to create undesirable artifacts.
- The FFT size control does not have any effect in multi-resolution mode as the FFT resolution is selected automatically. The noise profile does not need to be re-learned when switching to multi-resolution mode.
- When you select the Multi-res checkbox, the signal is analyzed in real-time and the most appropriate FFT size is chosen for each segment of the signal. This is done to minimize the smearing of transients and at the same time achieve high frequency resolution where it is needed.
Noise Floor (Advanced Settings)
- SYNTHESIS: Synthesizes high frequency material after denoising.
- When Synthesis is set to a value greater than zero, signal harmonics are synthesized after denoising. The synthesized harmonics remain at the level of the noise floor, and serve to fill in gaps in high frequencies caused by processing.
- Increasing Synthesis can increase the sense of life and air in processed audio. Too much Synthesis may cause apparent distortion in the signal.
- When Synthesis is set to a value greater than zero, signal harmonics are synthesized after denoising. The synthesized harmonics remain at the level of the noise floor, and serve to fill in gaps in high frequencies caused by processing.
- ENHANCEMENT: Enhances signal harmonics that fall below the noise floor.
- Enhancement predicts a signal’s harmonic structure and places less noise reduction in areas where possible signal harmonics could be buried in noise. This aids in preserving high-frequency signal harmonics that may be buried and not detected otherwise.
- Enhancement can make the resulting signal brighter and more natural sounding, but high values of harmonic enhancement can also result in high-frequency noise being modulated by the signal.
- Enhancement predicts a signal’s harmonic structure and places less noise reduction in areas where possible signal harmonics could be buried in noise. This aids in preserving high-frequency signal harmonics that may be buried and not detected otherwise.
- MASKING: Reduces the depth of noise reduction where you wouldn’t perceive any effect from it.
- Masking enables a psychoacoustic model that dynamically controls suppression amount to facilitate the use of softer suppression where noise is subjectively inaudible. When noise in certain regions is calculated to be inaudible, this feature prevents any signal processing in these regions. This potentially reduces the amount of processing done to the signal and may positively affect overall signal integrity. The position of the slider controls the influence of psychoacoustic model on suppression levels.
- If you need to cut very high, inaudible frequencies, set this to 0. Otherwise, leave this at 10.
Note
- When the Masking slider is set to 0, the feature is turned off, and the amount of noise suppression is uniformly governed to the yellow curve in spectrum analyzer (more precisely — by the difference between the yellow curve and orange curve).
- When the Masking slider is set to 0, the feature is turned off, and the amount of noise suppression is uniformly governed to the yellow curve in spectrum analyzer (more precisely — by the difference between the yellow curve and orange curve).
- Masking enables a psychoacoustic model that dynamically controls suppression amount to facilitate the use of softer suppression where noise is subjectively inaudible. When noise in certain regions is calculated to be inaudible, this feature prevents any signal processing in these regions. This potentially reduces the amount of processing done to the signal and may positively affect overall signal integrity. The position of the slider controls the influence of psychoacoustic model on suppression levels.
- WHITENING: Shapes the noise floor after processing to be more like white noise. Whitening modifies the amount of noise reduction (shown by the yellow curve) applied at different frequencies to shape the spectrum of the residual noise.
- When Whitening is set to zero, the suppression is uniform at all frequencies, as controlled by Reduction (tonal/broadband) sliders, and the suppressed noise has a similar spectral shape to the original noise.
- When Whitening is set to the maximum value, the desired shape of suppressed noise floor is made close to white noise, so that residual noise has more neutral sound.
Understanding the effect of the Whitening control
- Changing the noise floor balance with Whitening can help prevent gaps from over-processing, but an unnaturally white noise floor can introduce problems like noise modulation when editing or mixing with other noises from a unique space (like a set location.)
- Changing the noise floor balance with Whitening can help prevent gaps from over-processing, but an unnaturally white noise floor can introduce problems like noise modulation when editing or mixing with other noises from a unique space (like a set location.)
- When Whitening is set to zero, the suppression is uniform at all frequencies, as controlled by Reduction (tonal/broadband) sliders, and the suppressed noise has a similar spectral shape to the original noise.
Dynamics (Advanced Settings)
- KNEE: Controls how surgical the algorithm’s differentiation is between the signal and noise. This slider controls the sharpness of the gating knee in the denoising process.
- At higher values, transitions in the De-noise are more abrupt and can become prone to errors in the detection of the signal with respect to the noise.
- At lower values, the denoising becomes more forgiving around the knee, and applies less attenuation to signals that are only slightly below the threshold. This may result in a lower depth of noise reduction, but can also have fewer artifacts.
- At higher values, transitions in the De-noise are more abrupt and can become prone to errors in the detection of the signal with respect to the noise.
- RELEASE [ms]: Selects the release time of sub-band noise gates in milliseconds. Longer release times can result in less musical noise, but may also reduce or soften the signal’s initial transients or reverb tails after the signal’s decay.
Note
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The Release control is only available when the Simple algorithm is selected.
More Information
Tips for getting the best results when learning noise profiles manually
- Before learning a noise profile, identify and select the longest section (ideally a few seconds in length) of the recording that contains only the noise you wish to remove or reduce.
- To ensure the best results, your selection should not contain any content that you wish to preserve (for example, do not include any audio you do not consider to be “noise” in your selection.)
- Usually you can find noise only sections at the beginning or end of a file, or during a pause or break in the recording (for example, a pause between words in dialogue recordings.)
Learning a Noise Profile From Multiple Selections
In the RX standalone application, it is possible to create a spectral profile from multiple isolated selections. This is useful when you have a file where it’s impossible to find enough isolated noise to build the profile.
For example, if you are trying to restore a file where someone is speaking over noise, you can select noise in frequencies where none of the voice is present at a given time. If you select enough of this noise with the Lasso or Brush selection tools, you can create an accurate noise profile that will give you good results with Spectral De-noise. You can create more than one selection at a time by holding Shift and making a selection.
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Select noise anywhere you can to build a better noise profile.
This feature is not available in the Spectral De-noise plug-in because it requires using RX’s spectral selection tools as well as accurate calculation of the time and frequency of the selected areas.
If you are unable to create a full noise profile with multiple selections, RX can try to build a reasonable noise profile out of your existing profile. If you have an incomplete noise profile, RX will ask you if you want it to complete the profile.
For example, if you can only capture a low frequency rumble below 100 Hz, some broadband noise between 200 Hz and 5000 Hz, and all the noise above 8000 Hz, RX can fill in the gaps for you.
Building a profile from multiple selections gives you some flexibility,
and RX will guess any noise you missed.
| Module & Plug-in |
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Overview
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The De-click module’s sophisticated algorithm analyzes audio for amplitude irregularities and smoothes them out. This means that you can use De-click to remove a variety of short impulse noises, such as clicks caused by digital errors, mouth noises, and interference from cell phones.
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Controls
- ALGORITHM: Provides options for adjusting the configuration and processing quality of click interpolation, depending on the types of clicks and pops present in the audio.
- SINGLE BAND: Processes quickly and works well on very narrow “digital” clicks
- MULTI-BAND (PERIODIC CLICKS): Uses multi-band processing for removing regularly repeating clicks with a wider spectrum, or regular clicks that have concentrated low or high energy (like thumps or optical soundtrack perforation noise)
- MULTI-BAND (RANDOM CLICKS): Uses multi-band processing for wider vinyl clicks and thumps, with a protective algorithm for preserving periodic audio elements characteristic to certain instruments such as brass or vocals
- LOW LATENCY: Works well on mouth clicks and other clicks that cannot be handled by other algorithms. This mode has very low latency and is suitable for real-time work in RX De-click plug-in.
- SINGLE BAND: Processes quickly and works well on very narrow “digital” clicks
- SENSITIVITY: Determines how many clicks are detected in the signal. Increasing sensitivity can impact plosives, which can in turn reduce or damage the original signal.
- FREQUENCY SKEW: Adjusts the weighting of click removal toward higher or lower frequency clicks. Negative values are more suitable for generic clicks such as those found on vinyl recordings. A setting of zero or above targets mouth clicks in the middle frequencies.
Note
- Frequency skew is not available when using the Single Band Algorithm option.
- Frequency skew is not available when using the Single Band Algorithm option.
- CLICK WIDENING: Extends the repair area around detected clicks, compensating for mouth sounds such as lip smacks that have a decay.
- OUTPUT CLICKS ONLY: Outputs the difference between the original and the processed signals (suppressed clicks).
Instant Process Tool [Std & Adv]
The Instant Process Tool offers a smart De-click mode, which instantly applies the active settings from the De-click or Interpolate modules. Simply put, you may make any selection, and this mode will automatically remove all clicks present in that selection. This is particularly useful for editing a dialogue file, mismatching sample rate clicks and pops, and vinyl clicks.
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If you’ve made a selection under 4000 samples in length, Instant Process will automatically use the Interpolate algorithm. Interpolate will fill the selection with audio information based on the surrounding audio.
For selections above 4000 samples, Instant Process will use the current settings of the De-click module. De-click is effective on selections above 4000 samples in size, identifying clicks in relation to desirable audio, and intelligently separating and removing the clicks.
For example, if the De-click module is indicating that a preset named ‘Remove mouth clicks’ is loaded, these settings will be applied every time you use the Instant Process Tool in ‘De-click’ mode (on selections longer than 4000 samples).